Introduction

The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has seen significant deployment of armored vehicles, raising questions about the effectiveness of Russia’s modern tank forces. While Russia has sent its most modern tanks like the T-80 and T-90 into Ukraine, the reality on the ground paints a different picture. This article delves into the reasons behind the use of older tank models and the challenges faced by Russia in conducting modern armored warfare.

Why Russia Sent Older Tanks

Russia has not deployed its newest T-14 tanks into Ukraine, despite earlier claims of mass production. Several factors contribute to this decision:

The T-14s are only in production in limited numbers, far less than the thousands once claimed. The T-14 has significant technical issues, as evidenced by breakdowns during parades and potential embarrassment if their “best” tanks are destroyed. The older T-64, T-62, and T-55 tanks, even with limited upgrades, are unsuitable for modern tank warfare.

These older models, known for their age and limitations, are now the backbone of Russia’s armored forces in Ukraine. This shift has led to significant attrition and a decline in the effectiveness of Russian armored units.

The Role and Performance of Modern Tanks in Ukraine

While Russia has been sending its most modern tanks since the start of the invasion, these models still have limitations:

The T-72B3M, T-80BVM, and T-90M tanks, though not terrible, are outdated in terms of optical systems, speed, and lack of network-centric capabilities. These tanks are 20 tons lighter than their western counterparts, making them poorly suited for modern tank warfare without equivalent power. Main battle tanks in modern warfare rely on a war machine focused on air superiority and precision strikes, contrary to Russia’s WW2-era doctrine of massed armor breakthroughs.

The combination of outdated technology and mismatched doctrines has led to disastrous tank assaults in the Donbas. Ukraine has been using captured Russian tanks effectively in their defense, highlighting the significant tactical disadvantages.

Adaptation and Doctrine in Modern Warfare

Modern warfare requires a more nuanced understanding of tactical roles and roles of different armaments. Tanks are no longer solely responsible for breaking through enemy lines; instead, they support infantry and provide direct fire support:

Tanks are used to hit targets identified by infantry and suppress positions that have been isolated by precision artillery. This Combined Arms Maneuver Warfare relies on the coordination of different units to achieve strategic objectives. Despite claims about the T-14, its limited effectiveness is largely due to Russia's rigid doctrines rooted in WW2 practices.

The deployment of older tanks and the failure to adapt to modern warfare tactics and doctrines highlight the shortcomings of Russia's approach. This mismatch between their equipment and current doctrine may lead to even more asymmetries in the conflict as the war progresses.

Conclusion

While Russia has sent its best modern tanks into Ukraine since the start of the conflict, their performance on the battlefield has been far from stellar. The continued use of older tanks and a rigid WW2-era doctrine has exposed significant limitations. As the conflict continues, it is crucial for Russia to adapt their tactics and doctrines to the demands of modern warfare to avoid further battlefield setbacks.